Water Treatment - Application Solutions Made Easy

GF Piping Systems Application Solutions Made Easy Water Treatment 1

Contents Market Segment • Water Treatment ................................................................................................................ 4 Application Areas • Industrial Process Water/Wastewater Treatment ...................................................... 6 • Drinking Water Process .................................................................................................... 8 • Municipal Wastewater Treatment ................................................................................10 Unit Operations • Chlorine Dioxide Control ................................................................................................ 12 • Cooling Towers ................................................................................................................ 14 • Deionization • Twin Bed/Mixed Bed/Ultra-Pure Water ............................................................... 16 • Desalination • Drinking/Process/Brackish Water ......................................................................... 18 • Media Filtration ............................................................................................................... 20 • Reverse Osmosis ............................................................................................................ 22 • pH Neutralization ............................................................................................................ 24 • Water Treatment • Municipal Drinking Water .......................................................................................... 26 • Municipal Sewage Treatment ................................................................................... 28 This is an interactive PDF. Text links and photos will take you to select pages. Product links will redirect to our website product pages for more information. 2

Market Segments Building Technology Water Treatment Chemical Process Industry Microelectronics Marine Cooling Water & Gas Energy 3

Market Segment Water Treatment Drinking Water Process Industrial Wastewater Treatment 4

Overview Industrial Process Water Water treatment, whether it is for municipal or industrial applications, involve modifying the properties of the water to reduce the impact on the processes or the environment. Monitoring of the quantity, quality, fi ltering, levels of pH, particulate matter, salts, and chlorine levels are all important in delivering clean water across the globe. We have a solution to meet your application needs. Depending on the application area, our customers have to face di! erent challenges in water treatment processes ranging from guaranteeing high water qualities, to providing reliable measurements to assuring stringent regulations. This is where GF products are positioned to accommodate the automation market by o! ering a wide range of valves, pipes, fi ttings, and measurement and control options to suit the most popular industrial applications. GF o! ers product measurement solutions ranging from: – Flow – pH/ORP – Conductivity/Resistivity – Temperature – Pressure – Level – Chlorine – Turbidity – Dissolved Oxygen Industrial Wastewater Treatment Municipal Wastewater Treatment 5

Application Areas Industrial Process Desalination - Brackish Water - Drinking Water Water - Process Water Long lasting solutions with a focus on high water quality and Media Filtration purity Water is an essential and indispensable element in nearly all industrial processes. In sectors such as food and beverage or pharmaceutical production, water is either used as a primary product or in the area of cooling, steam generation or boiler feed systems. Using water in the industrial environment requires consistently high water quality, namely precisely defi ned physical parameters like ion purity, acidity or conductivity. High water quality in terms of purity for feed boilers, production processes and cooling systems is the key requirement and an absolute necessity for industry today. Avoiding any form of contamination, scale formation and corrosion is achieved through applications such as deionization, electrodialysis and new membrane-based solutions. The plastic products and additional technologies provided by GF Piping Systems Signet product line, supports the industry in designing an e! cient, reliable and cost e" ective water treatment system. Signet instrumentation technologies warrant a long service life, regardless of how challenging the specifi c needs for pure industrial process water may be. 6

Application Areas Industrial Wastewater Chlorine Dioxide Treatment Reverse Osmosis (Membrane Technology) Cost e! ective solutions from GF Piping systems for safety conveying corrosive fl uids even at elevated temperatures Power plants, petrochemical complexes, steel mills, or processing facilities and many other water intensive industries are increasingly forced by authorities to clean their wastewater before disposal into rivers and lakes. Wastewater treatment plants for inorganic caustics and acids are small chemical plants themselves. Corrosion resistance and sta! safety are the top priority issues for waste containing piping systems. GF Piping Systems’ philosophy for safe transport of liquids and gases meets these advanced process needs. GF products are designed for a maximum of uptime reliability and maintenance simplicity and a minimum of energy consumption during operation. 7

Application Areas Drinking Water Process GF Piping Systems o ers the optimal system solution behind the scenes Producing drinking water is always a challenge. The proper selection of plastic material for pipes, valves and fi ttings according to their chemical and mechanical properties is essential for the long-term safe and reliable operation of treatment systems and facilities. It is also imperative to choose the appropriate instrumentation for chemical dosing and process control, ultimately ensuring safe and reliable product water quality. At and between every stage of the process, from plant intake to distribution, for all your conveyance, measurement and control needs, the GF Piping Systems package of products resists corrosion, increases safety for personnel and equipment, lowers maintenance costs, helps reduce bio-fouling, and is quick and easy to install. 8

Reverse Osmosis Chlorine Dioxide Reverse Osmosis Municipal Sewage Treatment Media Filtration Municipal Drinking Water Neutralization 9

Application Areas Municipal Wastewater Treatment Media Filtration State-of-the-art systems from GF Piping Systems for e! cient and environmentally-friendly wastewater treatment Installation of e! cient and environmentally friendly methods for municipal wastewater treatment plants is one of the main challenges of our time. Key developments such as the compilation of wastewater treatment plants with water recycling processes aim for optimization regarding quality, life-cycle costs and environmental requirements. Instead of discharging the treated e" uent into a receiving water, reuse systems arrange further purifi cation steps until the wastewater reaches either potability status or fulfi lls an industrial specifi cation. Advanced plastic solutions meet those challenges, allowing signifi cant process optimization at the same time. Membrane technologies, chemical dosing systems and polymer preparations are only some of the applications that require e! cient and safe water conveyance systems. With the high quality system solutions of GF Piping Systems - o# ering pipes, fi ttings, automation and instrumentation from one source - the optimal compatibility of all components is warranted. Municipal Sewage Treatment 10

Municipal Sewage Treatment Municipal Sewage Treatment Municipal Sewage Treatment Municipal Sewage Treatment 11

Chlorine Dioxide Control Chlorine dioxide is extremely volatile and cannot be manufactured and transported safely in compressed gas cylinders. A chlorine dioxide generator is used on-site to manufacture chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide is formed when sodium chlorite is introduced to either chlorine gas (Cl2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), or hydrochloric acid (HCl). The e! ciency of chlorine dioxide to disinfect decreases (same as chlorine) as temperatures become lower. Low temperatures cause sodium chlorite to become separated into layers (stratifi cation) and can damage the storage vessel. There are many uses for chlorine dioxide. It is used for disinfection in water treatment for municipalities, food, fruit and vegetable washing and beverage manufacturing. It is also used as a slimicide in paper and pulp machines and can be used in circuit board cleansing in the electronics industry. It is commonly used in wastewater treatment as well as industrial water treatment in applications such as cooling Instruments water utilities. Ì 8900 Signet products o" er reliable measurement solutions to monitor a cooling tower application. Ì 9900 1. Flow allows the user to monitor the volume of Ì 9950 liquid being treated with CIO2. 2. Monitor pH in CIO2 injection from the chlorine Flow dioxide generator. It is very e" ective over a wide pH range. Ì 515 3. Monitor and control of temperature to ensure Ì 2536 maximum disinfection. Ì 2551 4. Monitor a hydrostatic level using a temperature sensor, to accurately indicate chemical feed levels. 12

Signet Chlorine Dioxide Panel NaClO Signet 2 Signet Chlorine Transmitter Relay 1 Relay 2 Level ENTER ENTER Signet Instruments HCl ENTER Return From pH Cl Signet Process Level OUT IN Signet ClO2 Instrument Generator 4 0.00 100.00 To Signet0.00 100.00 ENTER Drain InstrumentENTER Signet Signet Signet +GF+ Flow Temperature Water ORP To In Process © 2017 Georg Fischer Signet LLC pH/ORP Temperature Ì 2724-2726 Ì 2350 Ì 2734-2736 Ì 2774-2777 Ì 2750/2751 Pressure Ì 2760 Ì 2450 Chlorine Ì 4632 13

Cooling Towers Corrosion, Cooling towers are used to dissipate heat through Biocide, Anti-fouling the cooling of a water stream as it passes through and Anti-scaling Chemicals the cooling tower. Most cooling towers remove the heat through the evaporation of water in the tower. Dry cooling towers use heat exchangers to transfer the heat from the water to the air. Signet Common applications include cooling of processes Instrument within chemical, food processing, and manufacturing Cooling Tower plants, power plant cooling, refrigerated warehouse cooling, and building HVAC systems. ENTER Here are a few common challenges when dealing with a cooling tower application. The importance Signet of protecting heat exchangers from the build up of Conductivity scale, corrosion reduction in metal components of (optional) the cooling system, pipes, heat exchangers, and pumps is critical for an e! cient system. Reducing ENTER the danger of Legionella, and increasing e! ciency of the cooling system and reducing water and chemical Signet Signet consumption are additional factors as well. Makeup Flow Instrument water Operators may face some challenges relating to acid cleaning to reduce scale build up, and heat Down exchanger failure due to corrosion and possible environmental and legal issues due to Legionella exposure to the public, chemical and water expense as well as sewer charges. Signet products o" er reliable measurement Instruments solutions to monitor a cooling tower application. 1. Maintain proper pH range to reduce corrosion, Ì 8900 scaling, and to maximize chemical treatment Ì 9900 program e! ciency. 2. Maintain biocide levels, through ORP control or Ì 9950 the use of a 4630-XX ampormetic chlorine system, to prevent Legionella and biological fouling in the system. 3. Maintain proper conductivity levels to reduce Flow water usage and control scaling tendencies. Ì 515 4. Calculate water evaporation by monitoring water make up and water bleed o" for sewer charge Ì 2536 credit. Ì 2551 5. Control chemical feed based on make up water addition for corrosion protection and scaling Ì 2552 potential reduction. 6. Monitor closed loop pH and conductivity levels to detect leakage or heat exchanger failures. 14

Signet Chlorine Transmitter Relay 1 Relay 2 ENTER ENTER Signet Signet Instrument Chlorine Panel pH Cl Signet Flow OUT IN Drain Return From Heat Exchanger 4 Cooling Tower 0.00 100.00 Signet 0.00 100.00 Instrument ENTER Signet ENTER ENTER To Heat Instrument Exchanger Signet Signet Signet Signet Conductivity Flow pH ORP ENTER Signet Signet Instrument Signet Conductivity Instrument Flow Signet Blow ENTER (optional) Instrument Down © 2017 Georg Fischer Signet LLC pH/ORP Conductivity Ì 2724-2726 Ì 2818-2821 Ì 2734-2736 Ì 2839-2841 Ì 2764-2766 Ì 2850 Ì 2774-2777 Ì 2750/2751 Ì 2760 Chlorine Ì 4630 15

Deionization Mixed Bed Twin Bed SignetSignet Acid Instrument Instrument Ultra-Pure Water SignetCaustic Level ENTER Deionization is the process of removing minerals from water to produce pure water, which has a very low ENTER and/or nominal mineral content, or ultra-pure water mixer which is virtually mineral free. This process typically passes processed water through two separate beds, cation and anion, followed by a mixed bed. Signet The production of Ultra-Pure Water (UPW) for use in an Instrument industrial, pharmaceutical or laboratory environment must meet the strictest standards to ensure high purity and guarantee minimal contaminates. GF ENTER Signets line of industrial sensors and metering pH systems provides an accurate real time information to Signet Level Neutralization monitor the complete process from the infl uent line to Tank the product water feeding the application and waste water to the drain. Depending on the specifi c application and the water quality needed, the Ion exchange systems can contain several banks of twin bed ion tanks, each tank would be fi lled with either a cation or anion resin bead that feed a single or bank of mixed bed which sometimes referred to as a “polishing tank”, and is usually in line after a double pass RO system or a two bed deionizer system. The cation and anion resins in one tank Instruments allows the hydrogen and hydroxyls ions to combine immediately to produce high quality pure water. Ì 8900 See how Signet products o! er reliable measurement Ì 9900 solutions in various desalinaton applications. 1. Monitor fl ow in the amount of feed water being Ì 9950 cycled into the resin tanks. 2. Monitor the use of the product water being used in Flow the application. 3. Monitor and control the pH Neutralization process. Ì 515 Monitor the pH after the optional degasser has stripped out the CO2. Ì 2536 4. Monitor conductivity in the infl uent water quality a two tank or mixed bed system. This allows the operator to verify the quality of the feed water or RO product water. 5. Resistivity using a Conductivity sensor, monitors the water quality of the product water to the application or to the mix bed system. 6. Level using a Pressure sensor, monitors levels in various tanks. 16

Chemical Regeneration Signet Signet Instrument Instrument Acid Signet Caustic Signet Level Level Signet Signet Instrument Instrument ENTERENTER ENTER Signet Signet ENTER Flow Conductivity Signet Signet Flow Instrument 4 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00 ENTER Cation Anion Signet Mixed Instrument Bed Signet Conductivity/ Resistivity ENTER Signet Signet pH Instrument Signet Resistivity Signet Flow Twin Bed Mixed Bed to drain © 2017 Georg Fischer Signet LLC pH/ORP Conductivity Ì 2724-2726 Ì 2818-2821 Ì 2734-2736 Ì 2839-2841 Ì 2774-2777 Ì 2850 Ì 2750/2751 Ì 2760 Pressure/Level Ì 2250 Ì 2450 17

Desalination Brackish Water Drinking Water Process Water With the increase in the world’s population and a strain on potable water demands, desalination plants and potable skids are utilizing the ocean to meet the world’s water requirements. This is especially true in remote locations where the cost of distribution systems is costly. The desalination process begins with a water intake. Since water intakes can draws in more than just water, it is necessary to have a multifaceted fi lter system to remove the impurities, prior to Intake reaching the RO fi lter system. The initial fi ltration Beach Well process generally consists of multimedia and cartridge fi lters, pH adjustments (if necessary) and the injection of scale inhibitors to protect the membrane. After the initial fi ltration is completed, water is pumped into RO membranes. The water pressure must be maintained su! ciently high to overcome the osmotic pressure for the RO membranes. As the water passes the RO membrane, it is separated into two fl ow streams, permeate and concentrate. Permeate (product water with low TDS) passes through the membrane and into a storage tank in preparation for the fi nal stage of Instruments desalination. Concentrate (wastewater), with high concentration of brine, may be collected for further Ì 8900 processing before being returned to the ocean. Ì 9900 See how Signet products o" er reliable measurement solutions in various desalinaton Ì 9950 applications. 1. For drinking water, pH is monitored and Flow controlled, thru chemical additives for example, to ensure the water does not corrode the pipes Ì 515 within the distribution systems. Ì 2536 2. Monitor fl ow amount of incoming water being processed. Low fl ow is a good indicator of Ì 525 clogged fi lters. Ì 2551 3. Monitor discharge levels of brine or concentrate. 4. Conductivity measures and monitors infl uent and e# uent TDS levels. 5. Level using Pressure sensor, measure the hydrostatic level to accurately monitor levels of stored process water. 18

Signet Chlorine Panel Signet Signet Chlorine Turbidity TransmitterRelay 1 Relay 2 ENTER Signet Instrument Power Supply & Wiring Terminals Signet Turbidimeter ENTER ENTER Drain pH Cl Signet OUT Flow +GF+ Filtration IN Signet Turbidity Pre-Screening Filtration Power Supply & Wiring Terminals Wastewater Signet Turbidimeter ENTER Signet Instrument Drain R.O. ENTER Signet System Conductivity Signet Instrument Signet Chlorine Instrument Addition 4 0.00 100.00 ENTER 4 Signet 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00 Instrument 0.00 100.00 ENTER Intake ENTER Signet ORP Reservoir +GF+ Wastewater to Outlet Distribution Signet Signet Signet Signet System Flow Conductivity Conductivity Flow Signet Level ENTER Signet Instrument © 2017 Georg Fischer Signet LLC ORP Pressure/Level Ì 2725, 2726 Ì 2250 Ì 2735 Ì 2450 Ì 2775-2777 Ì 2750/2751 2760 ChlorineÌ Ì 4630 Conductivity Turbidity Ì 2818-2821 Ì 4150 Ì 2839-2841 Ì 2850 19

Media Filtration Gravity media fi ltration is e! ective in reducing turbidity, foul taste, and odor by removing impurities through chemical absorption and physical straining of the water between the media material. The classic fi ltration technique uses pressurized water that typically fl ows top down, passing through several material layers, leaving suspended particles behind. In multi-level fi ltration processes, hydroanthracite or gravel can be used, in addition to sand, to fi lter particles up to 10-15 μm from fl uids. Some common issues in media fi ltration may include: maintaining unit performance to design parameters and maximizing service life, minimizing fouling, prevention of scaling and minimizing chemical attack. Customers may have experienced problems with fi lter clogging, active carbon exhaust or determining when to backwash. Signet products are well suited in a media fi ltration application. See how Signet products can provide a solution for you. 1. Total fl ow tracks the amount of water processed through the media. This is a good indicator for planned maintenance. 2. Flow rate monitors the e# ciency and could be an Instruments indication that the system needs to be backwashed. Ì 8900 3. Infl uent or e$ uent pressure detects head loss. Ì 9900 As the fi lter system experiences head loss, this Ì 9950 is a good indicator that the media is clogging or may experience break through (fi lter allowing large material to pass the fi lter media). 4. Measuring disinfectant levels detects the e# ciency of the active carbon fi lter. 5. Increased turbidity levels could be an indicator of break through. 20