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ドキュメント名 | AutoChem 2950 HP |
---|---|
ドキュメント種別 | 製品カタログ |
ファイルサイズ | 940.9Kb |
取り扱い企業 | 島津サイエンス東日本株式会社 (この企業の取り扱いカタログ一覧) |
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Page1
AutoChem™ 2950 HP
Chemisorption Analyzer
Page2
Catalyst Characterization in an Extended-Pressure Environment
AutoChem 2950 HP Chemisorption Analyzer
Superior Performance Under
Extended Pressure
Micromeritics’ AutoChem 2950 HP
Chemisorption Analyzer is an automated
high-pressure catalyst characterization
system that is capable of preparing and
analyzing samples at elevated pressures
up to 1000 psia and at temperatures
from -100 to 1100 °C. The instrument can
perform a variety of experiments including
pulse chemisorption, BET surface area,
temperature-programmed reduction (TPR),
desorption (TPD), oxidation (TPO), and
reaction analyses. Equipped with many of
the features of Micromeritics’ AutoChem
II 2920, the AutoChem HP is suitable for
a variety of applications including fuel
cell and hydrogen storage research. This
microreactor, combined with a mass
spectrometer, can also be used to determine
product yields and catalytic activity under
commercially viable conditions.
The use of a microreactor in the
development process is a cost-effective
alternative to pilot plants for many
development projects. A microreactor is
also an affordable option for small start-up • Hydrogen storage applications using
mixed metal hydrides that change • In situ experiments with virtually companies that cannot afford to invest in a
unlimited steps
pilot plant to demonstrate their process. hydrogen capacity as temperature
changes – the user can vary hydrogen • Records pressure as part of the
Benchtop Microreactor Suitable pressure to determine storage capacity as experiment
for a Variety of Applications a function of pressure
• Capable of TPD, TPR, TPO, BET, and
• HPTPR (High-pressure TPR) to emulate • Simple chemical reactions where the pulse chemisorption
a commercial activation of a supported product mix changes as a function of
• Three mass fl ow controllers and an
metal catalyst pressure – the AutoChem 2950 HP func-
tions as a microreactor at typical process electronically controlled pressure
• Fuel cell applications that require temperatures and pressures, allowing the regulator provide precise gas control
reforming hydrocarbon feeds to hydrogen user to collect reaction data at commer-
• Twelve gas inlets – four each for
cial conditions
preparation, carrier, and loop gases
Standard AutoChem 2950 HP • Stainless-steel sample tubes are capable
Features of withstanding temperatures and pres-
sures well above the system’s limits
• Allows preparation and analysis of sample
• An interactive reporting system
at pressures up to 1000 psia with built-in
that includes an extremely versatile
safety checks
graphic user interface allowing custom
• Versatile analysis protocol permits com- presentation of results
plex sequencing and experimental design
Page3
Typical AutoChem 2950 Catalytic Reforming Hydrocracking, Hydrodesulfurization,
HP Applications Catalysts containing platinum, rhenium, and Hydrodenitrogenation
tin, etc. on silica, alumina, or silica-alumina Hydrocracking catalysts typically composed
Catalysts are used for the production of hydrogen, of metal sulfides (nickel, tungsten, cobalt,
The active surface area and porous structure aromatics, and olefins. These catalysts are and molybdenum) are used for processing
of catalysts have a great influence on commonly characterized to determine: feeds containing polycyclic aromatics
production rates. Limiting the pore size • Metal surface area that are unsuitable for typical catalytic
allows only molecules of desired sizes to • Metal dispersion cracking processes. Hydrodesulfurization
enter and leave; creating a selective catalyst • Average crystallite size and hydrodenitrogenation are used for
that will produce primarily the desired removing sulfur and nitrogen respectively
product. Chemisorption experiments are Isomerization from petroleum feeds. The characterization
valuable for the selection of catalysts Catalysts such as small-pore zeolites of these materials includes:
for a particular purpose, qualification of (mordenite and ZSM-5) containing noble • Temperature-programmed reduction
catalyst vendors, and the testing of catalyst metals (typically platinum) are used to • Oxygen pulse chemisorption
performance over time to establish when the convert linear paraffins to branched
catalyst should be reactivated or replaced. paraffins. This increases the octane Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
number and value for blending gasoline Cobalt, iron, etc. based catalysts are used
Fuel Cells and improves the low temperature flow to convert syngas (carbon monoxide and
Platinum-based catalysts including Pt/C, properties of oil. The characterization of hydrogen) to hydrocarbons larger than
PtRu/C, and PtRuIr/C are often characterized these materials includes: methane. These hydrocarbons are rich
by temperature-programmed reduction to • Temperature-programmed reduction in hydrogen and do not contain sulfur or
determine the number of oxide phases and • Pulse chemisorption nitrogen. The characterization of these
pulse chemisorption to calculate: materials includes:
• Metal surface area • Temperature-programmed desorption
• Metal dispersion • Pulse chemisorption
• Average crystallite size
Partial Oxidation
Manganese, cobalt, bismuth, iron, copper,
and silver catalysts used for the gas-phase
oxidation of ammonia, methane, ethylene,
and propylene are characterized using:
• Temperature-programmed oxidation
• Temperature-programmed desorption
• Heat of desorption of oxygen
• Heat of dissociation of oxygen
Catalytic Cracking
Acid catalysts such as zeolites are used to
convert large hydrocarbons to gasoline and
diesel fuel. The characterization of these
materials includes:
• Ammonia chemisorption
• Temperature-programmed desorption of
ammonia
• Temperature-programmed decomposition
of alkyl amines
• Temperature-programmed desorption of
aromatic amines
Page4
Hardware Versatility
AutoChem 2950 HP Hardware Cold Trap to remove condensable
Advantages species – the Cold Trap is easily bypassed to improve response time
The AutoChem HP features stainless-
steel construction, fully automated flow
control and pressure control, an embedded
microprocessor with real-time control,
and an intuitive graphical user interface
for reactor control. Like the AutoChem
2920, the AutoChem 2950 HP features a
temperature-controlled, stainless-steel flow
path to provide a stable inert operating
environment and reduce the potential
for condensation in the flow path. The KwikCool
embedded microprocessor allows the for rapid cooling after
AutoChem series to operate with real-time temperature
control; this provides enhanced stability by ramps
separating the AutoChem control from a PC
or workstation.
• Twelve gas inlets (4 each for prepa-
ration, carrier, and loop) provide
the capability to perform sequential
experiments such as TPR/TPO cycle
experiments.
• Equipped with high-precision,
independently calibrated mass fl ow
controllers providing extremely ac-
curate, programmable gas control. The
Easy-to-open clamshell Optional CryoCooler
ability to control gas fl ow with accuracy furnace for accurate tempera- for subambient analyses
assures a stable baseline and accurate ture control and ramping up (-100 °C to 1100 °C)
to 1100 °C
determination of gas volumes.
• Analysis gas may be introduced to the
carrier stream by a precision automated of ramp rates and sequences to facilitate
loop. A conveniently located septum is customized experiments. The included
also provided through which analysis gas KwikCool feature permits cooling
can be injected by means of a calibrated the furnace temperature rapidly down
syringe. to near ambient, reducing analysis
time and increasing throughput. With
• Thermal conductivity detector (TCD) the CryoCooler option, analysis
is capable of detecting minute differences temperatures can be ramped over the
in the concentration of gases fl owing into range of -100 °C to 1100 °C.
and out of the sample reactor. Its corro-
sion-resistant fi laments are operated at • Four internal temperature-controlled
constant temperature to prevent thermal zones can be heated independently of each
runaway, which can destroy fi laments in other to as much as 150 °C. This prevents
other systems. condensation in the fl ow path and allows
studies to be performed with vapors.
• A clamshell furnace can heat the
quartz sample reactor up to 1100 °C. The
AutoChem 2950 HP permits any number
Page5
• The extremely low volume of the An Example of Use
internal plumbing minimizes peak
spreading and signifi cantly enhances peak Consider a temperature-programmed
resolution. Furthermore, it reduces the reduction (TPR) in which a metal oxide
time lag between sample reactions and is reacted with hydrogen to form a pure
the corresponding detector response. metal, in this case platinum. Argon, which
has a very low thermal conductivity, is used
• A cold trap can remove certain sub- as a carrier gas. It is blended in a fixed
stances before the gas fl ow reaches the proportion with hydrogen, an analysis gas
detector. The cold trap can also be used with a much higher thermal conductivity.
as a delay path for BET surface area Then the gas mixture flows through the
experiments. analyzer, through the sample, and past
• Injection loops are provided for the detector.
injecting carefully measured doses
of gases for analyses such as pulse When the gas blend begins flowing over the
The temperature is then gradually increased
chemisorption. The AutoChem HP is sample, a baseline reading is established by
and when a critical temperature is reached,
the detector. This baseline is established hydrogen atoms in the gas flow react with shipped with a 1.0-cm3 loop installed;
0.5- and 5.0-cm3 loops are also included. at a low enough temperature so that no
the sample, forming H O molecules which
2
If sample fi les are set up so that a loop is reduction of the sample is occurring.
are removed from the gas stream using
used for introducing gas into the analyzer, The proportion of gases flowing over the
a cold trap. As a result, the amount of
the instrument automatically doses the detector is the same as the proportion of
hydrogen in the argon/hydrogen gas blend
sample as specifi ed in the sample fi le. gases entering the analyzer, because at the
decreases and the proportion between the
low temperature, there is no interaction. two gases shifts in the direction of argon, as
• Stainless-steel sample tubes are does the mixture’s thermal conductivity.
capable of safe operation up to 1500 psia
Since argon has a lower thermal
conductivity than hydrogen, the mixture’s
thermal conductivity consequently
Standard 316L
Stainless-Steel Reactor decreases. The flowing gas removes heat
Inquire about other from the filament more slowly, requiring
options or metallurgy less electricity to maintain a constant
filament temperature. The instrument
records the electrical demands as it changes
(this is called the detector signal). The
detector signal is recorded continuously
over a range of temperatures. The resulting
signals may present either positive or
negative peaks.
This example illustrates the fundamental
concept upon which the analyzer operates.
Of course, the various types of analyses the
AutoChem can perform result in different
types of traces. For example, a pulse
chemisorption analysis results in a series
of peaks that gradually increases in size as
the sample is dosed with separate but equal
increments of gas. Initially, the gas uptake
by the sample results in smaller peaks. But
when all the active sites are saturated, no
more gas can be taken up and the peaks
become equal.
Page6
Software and Reporting Versatility
AutoChem 2950 HP Software • Set up Analysis Protocol Sequencing • Fully integrated, interactive peak editor
Features from any number of preprogrammed package enables the user to evaluate
experiments or create a customized results quickly and easily, edit peaks,
The AutoChem 2950 HP is controlled by sequence. The user can easily select and produce reports that refl ect specifi c
powerful Windows®-based software. It the pretreatment and analysis task, and needs. Adjusting peak boundaries is a
provides all the convenient features you specify criteria such as temperature ramp matter of simply pointing and clicking.
are accustomed to when using Windows- rates, gas fl ow rates, and data measure- The peak editor can also be used to
based programs. Point-and-click operations, ment intervals in the desired sequence. deconvolute overlapping peaks. The peak
pull-down menus, access to multiple Modifi cations may be made to the analysis deconvolution is a simple-to-use option on
printers and network drives, multitasking protocol at any time, even during analysis. the peak space editor that allows the user
capability, and much more are featured to maximize the information.
in the AutoChem 2950 HP user interface.
In addition, the familiar Windows format
reduces the time required for training new
operators, resulting in fast start-up and
increased productivity. The AutoChem HP features
user-programmable, back-
Additional Capabilities pressure control. This
allows the user to evaluate
• An Instrument Schematic screen displays materials, user pressures,
and temperatures that
the instrument’s current operating status, are similar to real-world
including the availability of analysis and operating conditions.
pretreatment gases and vapors, direction The TPR of copper oxide
of the gas fl ow, TCD reading, and allows demonstrates the change
in reduction kinetics as
the operator to assume manual control of the partial pressure of
the instrument if desired. hydrogen is increased.
The AutoChem HP includes easy-to-use peak fitting. This allows the user to
rapidly deconvolute TPR, TPD, and TPO data to obtain a better understanding
of the material being tested.
Page7
• Numerous plots can be overlaid for easy • Integration of mass spectrometer data
comparison of different samples or for fi les, which allows the manipulation of the
comparison of different data reduction TCD and mass spectrometer simultaneously.
techniques applied to the same sample.
• One computer can control two
The operator can also plot two externally
Micromeritics AutoChem HP analyzers
derived signals against time or sample
making effi cient use of valuable lab space.
temperature (e.g., mass spectrometer and
gas chromatograph).
Traditional methods like pulse chemisorption are a standard feature of the
AutoChem 2950 HP. Pulse chemisorption calculations provide a rapid and accurate
method for assessing the active monolayer of a catalyst.
The AutoChem HP features a full reporting system that includes
calculations for active surface characterization. The pulse
chemisorption report includes dispersion, active surface area,
and crystallite size. Additional software features include a
library of parameters for active metals and the capability to
determine Arrhenius parameters based upon first-order kinetics.
To request a quote or additional product information,
visit Micromeritics’ web site at www.micromeritics.com or
contact your local Micromeritics sales representative.
Varying the hydrogen pressure allows additional hydrogen to be stored in palladium
as can be demonstrated using the temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen
from palladium.
Windows is a registered trademark of
Microsoft Corporation.
Page8
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