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AutoChem 2950 HP

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ドキュメント名 AutoChem 2950 HP
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取り扱い企業 島津サイエンス東日本株式会社 (この企業の取り扱いカタログ一覧)

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AutoChem™ 2950 HP Chemisorption Analyzer
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Catalyst Characterization in an Extended-Pressure Environment AutoChem 2950 HP Chemisorption Analyzer Superior Performance Under Extended Pressure Micromeritics’ AutoChem 2950 HP Chemisorption Analyzer is an automated high-pressure catalyst characterization system that is capable of preparing and analyzing samples at elevated pressures up to 1000 psia and at temperatures from -100 to 1100 °C. The instrument can perform a variety of experiments including pulse chemisorption, BET surface area, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), desorption (TPD), oxidation (TPO), and reaction analyses. Equipped with many of the features of Micromeritics’ AutoChem II 2920, the AutoChem HP is suitable for a variety of applications including fuel cell and hydrogen storage research. This microreactor, combined with a mass spectrometer, can also be used to determine product yields and catalytic activity under commercially viable conditions. The use of a microreactor in the development process is a cost-effective alternative to pilot plants for many development projects. A microreactor is also an affordable option for small start-up • Hydrogen storage applications using mixed metal hydrides that change • In situ experiments with virtually companies that cannot afford to invest in a unlimited steps pilot plant to demonstrate their process. hydrogen capacity as temperature changes – the user can vary hydrogen • Records pressure as part of the Benchtop Microreactor Suitable pressure to determine storage capacity as experiment for a Variety of Applications a function of pressure • Capable of TPD, TPR, TPO, BET, and • HPTPR (High-pressure TPR) to emulate • Simple chemical reactions where the pulse chemisorption a commercial activation of a supported product mix changes as a function of • Three mass fl ow controllers and an metal catalyst pressure – the AutoChem 2950 HP func- tions as a microreactor at typical process electronically controlled pressure • Fuel cell applications that require temperatures and pressures, allowing the regulator provide precise gas control reforming hydrocarbon feeds to hydrogen user to collect reaction data at commer- • Twelve gas inlets – four each for cial conditions preparation, carrier, and loop gases Standard AutoChem 2950 HP • Stainless-steel sample tubes are capable Features of withstanding temperatures and pres- sures well above the system’s limits • Allows preparation and analysis of sample • An interactive reporting system at pressures up to 1000 psia with built-in that includes an extremely versatile safety checks graphic user interface allowing custom • Versatile analysis protocol permits com- presentation of results plex sequencing and experimental design
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Typical AutoChem 2950 Catalytic Reforming Hydrocracking, Hydrodesulfurization, HP Applications Catalysts containing platinum, rhenium, and Hydrodenitrogenation tin, etc. on silica, alumina, or silica-alumina Hydrocracking catalysts typically composed Catalysts are used for the production of hydrogen, of metal sulfides (nickel, tungsten, cobalt, The active surface area and porous structure aromatics, and olefins. These catalysts are and molybdenum) are used for processing of catalysts have a great influence on commonly characterized to determine: feeds containing polycyclic aromatics production rates. Limiting the pore size • Metal surface area that are unsuitable for typical catalytic allows only molecules of desired sizes to • Metal dispersion cracking processes. Hydrodesulfurization enter and leave; creating a selective catalyst • Average crystallite size and hydrodenitrogenation are used for that will produce primarily the desired removing sulfur and nitrogen respectively product. Chemisorption experiments are Isomerization from petroleum feeds. The characterization valuable for the selection of catalysts Catalysts such as small-pore zeolites of these materials includes: for a particular purpose, qualification of (mordenite and ZSM-5) containing noble • Temperature-programmed reduction catalyst vendors, and the testing of catalyst metals (typically platinum) are used to • Oxygen pulse chemisorption performance over time to establish when the convert linear paraffins to branched catalyst should be reactivated or replaced. paraffins. This increases the octane Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis number and value for blending gasoline Cobalt, iron, etc. based catalysts are used Fuel Cells and improves the low temperature flow to convert syngas (carbon monoxide and Platinum-based catalysts including Pt/C, properties of oil. The characterization of hydrogen) to hydrocarbons larger than PtRu/C, and PtRuIr/C are often characterized these materials includes: methane. These hydrocarbons are rich by temperature-programmed reduction to • Temperature-programmed reduction in hydrogen and do not contain sulfur or determine the number of oxide phases and • Pulse chemisorption nitrogen. The characterization of these pulse chemisorption to calculate: materials includes: • Metal surface area • Temperature-programmed desorption • Metal dispersion • Pulse chemisorption • Average crystallite size Partial Oxidation Manganese, cobalt, bismuth, iron, copper, and silver catalysts used for the gas-phase oxidation of ammonia, methane, ethylene, and propylene are characterized using: • Temperature-programmed oxidation • Temperature-programmed desorption • Heat of desorption of oxygen • Heat of dissociation of oxygen Catalytic Cracking Acid catalysts such as zeolites are used to convert large hydrocarbons to gasoline and diesel fuel. The characterization of these materials includes: • Ammonia chemisorption • Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia • Temperature-programmed decomposition of alkyl amines • Temperature-programmed desorption of aromatic amines
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Hardware Versatility AutoChem 2950 HP Hardware Cold Trap to remove condensable Advantages species – the Cold Trap is easily bypassed to improve response time The AutoChem HP features stainless- steel construction, fully automated flow control and pressure control, an embedded microprocessor with real-time control, and an intuitive graphical user interface for reactor control. Like the AutoChem 2920, the AutoChem 2950 HP features a temperature-controlled, stainless-steel flow path to provide a stable inert operating environment and reduce the potential for condensation in the flow path. The KwikCool embedded microprocessor allows the for rapid cooling after AutoChem series to operate with real-time temperature control; this provides enhanced stability by ramps separating the AutoChem control from a PC or workstation. • Twelve gas inlets (4 each for prepa- ration, carrier, and loop) provide the capability to perform sequential experiments such as TPR/TPO cycle experiments. • Equipped with high-precision, independently calibrated mass fl ow controllers providing extremely ac- curate, programmable gas control. The Easy-to-open clamshell Optional CryoCooler ability to control gas fl ow with accuracy furnace for accurate tempera- for subambient analyses assures a stable baseline and accurate ture control and ramping up (-100 °C to 1100 °C) to 1100 °C determination of gas volumes. • Analysis gas may be introduced to the carrier stream by a precision automated of ramp rates and sequences to facilitate loop. A conveniently located septum is customized experiments. The included also provided through which analysis gas KwikCool feature permits cooling can be injected by means of a calibrated the furnace temperature rapidly down syringe. to near ambient, reducing analysis time and increasing throughput. With • Thermal conductivity detector (TCD) the CryoCooler option, analysis is capable of detecting minute differences temperatures can be ramped over the in the concentration of gases fl owing into range of -100 °C to 1100 °C. and out of the sample reactor. Its corro- sion-resistant fi laments are operated at • Four internal temperature-controlled constant temperature to prevent thermal zones can be heated independently of each runaway, which can destroy fi laments in other to as much as 150 °C. This prevents other systems. condensation in the fl ow path and allows studies to be performed with vapors. • A clamshell furnace can heat the quartz sample reactor up to 1100 °C. The AutoChem 2950 HP permits any number
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• The extremely low volume of the An Example of Use internal plumbing minimizes peak spreading and signifi cantly enhances peak Consider a temperature-programmed resolution. Furthermore, it reduces the reduction (TPR) in which a metal oxide time lag between sample reactions and is reacted with hydrogen to form a pure the corresponding detector response. metal, in this case platinum. Argon, which has a very low thermal conductivity, is used • A cold trap can remove certain sub- as a carrier gas. It is blended in a fixed stances before the gas fl ow reaches the proportion with hydrogen, an analysis gas detector. The cold trap can also be used with a much higher thermal conductivity. as a delay path for BET surface area Then the gas mixture flows through the experiments. analyzer, through the sample, and past • Injection loops are provided for the detector. injecting carefully measured doses of gases for analyses such as pulse When the gas blend begins flowing over the The temperature is then gradually increased chemisorption. The AutoChem HP is sample, a baseline reading is established by and when a critical temperature is reached, the detector. This baseline is established hydrogen atoms in the gas flow react with shipped with a 1.0-cm3 loop installed; 0.5- and 5.0-cm3 loops are also included. at a low enough temperature so that no the sample, forming H O molecules which 2 If sample fi les are set up so that a loop is reduction of the sample is occurring. are removed from the gas stream using used for introducing gas into the analyzer, The proportion of gases flowing over the a cold trap. As a result, the amount of the instrument automatically doses the detector is the same as the proportion of hydrogen in the argon/hydrogen gas blend sample as specifi ed in the sample fi le. gases entering the analyzer, because at the decreases and the proportion between the low temperature, there is no interaction. two gases shifts in the direction of argon, as • Stainless-steel sample tubes are does the mixture’s thermal conductivity. capable of safe operation up to 1500 psia Since argon has a lower thermal conductivity than hydrogen, the mixture’s thermal conductivity consequently Standard 316L Stainless-Steel Reactor decreases. The flowing gas removes heat Inquire about other from the filament more slowly, requiring options or metallurgy less electricity to maintain a constant filament temperature. The instrument records the electrical demands as it changes (this is called the detector signal). The detector signal is recorded continuously over a range of temperatures. The resulting signals may present either positive or negative peaks. This example illustrates the fundamental concept upon which the analyzer operates. Of course, the various types of analyses the AutoChem can perform result in different types of traces. For example, a pulse chemisorption analysis results in a series of peaks that gradually increases in size as the sample is dosed with separate but equal increments of gas. Initially, the gas uptake by the sample results in smaller peaks. But when all the active sites are saturated, no more gas can be taken up and the peaks become equal.
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Software and Reporting Versatility AutoChem 2950 HP Software • Set up Analysis Protocol Sequencing • Fully integrated, interactive peak editor Features from any number of preprogrammed package enables the user to evaluate experiments or create a customized results quickly and easily, edit peaks, The AutoChem 2950 HP is controlled by sequence. The user can easily select and produce reports that refl ect specifi c powerful Windows®-based software. It the pretreatment and analysis task, and needs. Adjusting peak boundaries is a provides all the convenient features you specify criteria such as temperature ramp matter of simply pointing and clicking. are accustomed to when using Windows- rates, gas fl ow rates, and data measure- The peak editor can also be used to based programs. Point-and-click operations, ment intervals in the desired sequence. deconvolute overlapping peaks. The peak pull-down menus, access to multiple Modifi cations may be made to the analysis deconvolution is a simple-to-use option on printers and network drives, multitasking protocol at any time, even during analysis. the peak space editor that allows the user capability, and much more are featured to maximize the information. in the AutoChem 2950 HP user interface. In addition, the familiar Windows format reduces the time required for training new operators, resulting in fast start-up and increased productivity. The AutoChem HP features user-programmable, back- Additional Capabilities pressure control. This allows the user to evaluate • An Instrument Schematic screen displays materials, user pressures, and temperatures that the instrument’s current operating status, are similar to real-world including the availability of analysis and operating conditions. pretreatment gases and vapors, direction The TPR of copper oxide of the gas fl ow, TCD reading, and allows demonstrates the change in reduction kinetics as the operator to assume manual control of the partial pressure of the instrument if desired. hydrogen is increased. The AutoChem HP includes easy-to-use peak fitting. This allows the user to rapidly deconvolute TPR, TPD, and TPO data to obtain a better understanding of the material being tested.
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• Numerous plots can be overlaid for easy • Integration of mass spectrometer data comparison of different samples or for fi les, which allows the manipulation of the comparison of different data reduction TCD and mass spectrometer simultaneously. techniques applied to the same sample. • One computer can control two The operator can also plot two externally Micromeritics AutoChem HP analyzers derived signals against time or sample making effi cient use of valuable lab space. temperature (e.g., mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph). Traditional methods like pulse chemisorption are a standard feature of the AutoChem 2950 HP. Pulse chemisorption calculations provide a rapid and accurate method for assessing the active monolayer of a catalyst. The AutoChem HP features a full reporting system that includes calculations for active surface characterization. The pulse chemisorption report includes dispersion, active surface area, and crystallite size. Additional software features include a library of parameters for active metals and the capability to determine Arrhenius parameters based upon first-order kinetics. To request a quote or additional product information, visit Micromeritics’ web site at www.micromeritics.com or contact your local Micromeritics sales representative. Varying the hydrogen pressure allows additional hydrogen to be stored in palladium as can be demonstrated using the temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen from palladium. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
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Micromeritics Instrument Corporation Micromeritics Ltd. 4356 Communications Drive Unit 2, Chestnut House Norcross, GA 30093 178-182 High Street North USA Dunstable, Bedfordshire LU6 1AT Telephones: ENGLAND U.S. Sales (770) 662-3633 Telephone (+44) (0)1582-475248 International Sales (770) 662-3660 Fax (+44) (0)1582-475252 Fax (770) 662-3696 Micromeritics N.V./S.A. Micromeritics China Eugene Plaskylaan 140B Apt. 5H, No. 1 Building 1030 Brussels Hua-Ao (Epoch) Center BELGIUM No. 31 Zi Zhu Yuan Road Telephone (+32) (0)2-743-39-74 Hai Dian District Fax (+32) (0)2-743-39-79 Beijing 100089 P.R. CHINA Micromeritics SRL Telephone (+86) (0)10-6848-9371 Via W. Tobagi n. 26/7 Fax (+86) (0)10-6848-9371 20068 Peschiera Borromeo Milano Micromeritics France S.A. ITALY Parc Alata Telephone (+39) (0)2 553 02833 Rue Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Fax (+39) (0)2 553 02843 F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte FRANCE Telephone (+33) (0)3-44-64-60-80 Fax (+33) (0)3-44-64-60-89 Micromeritics GmbH Erftstrasse 54 D-41238 Mönchengladbach GERMANY Telephone (+49) (0)2166-98708-0 Fax (+49) (0)2166-98708-88 www.micromeritics.com